The following is an example of a simple sine wave Oscillator running at the hardware audio rate. An Oscillator is a built-in generator. A generator runs at the rate of the block connected to its output.
# Declare an Oscillator
# Connect its output to audio output 1 using a stream operator
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: 440.0
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> AudioOut[1:2];
The following is an example of two simple sine wave Oscillator running at audio rate with relative frequencies (unison and fifth).
constant Frequency {
value: 220.0
meta: none
}
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: 0.5
frequency: Frequency
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
+ Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: 0.4
frequency: Frequency * 1.5
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> AudioOut[1:2];
The same program can be written as follows: (Notice the addition of the Mix() processor to sum the Oscillator outputs)
constant Frequency {
value: 220.0
meta: none
}
Oscillator (
type: [ 'Sine', 'Sine' ]
amplitude: [ 0.5, 0.4 ]
frequency: [ Frequency , Frequency * 1.5]
phase: [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
reset: [ off, off]
)
>> Mix ()
>> AudioOut[1:2];
If the Mix() processor is left out of the stream expression, the unison (Frequency) Oscillator will go to output 1 and the fifth (Frequency * 1.5) will go to output 2.
There is no need for a list if all list values are identical. It is also possible to perform multiplication on a list.
constant Frequency {
value: 220.0
meta: none
}
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: [ 0.5, 0.4 ]
frequency: [ 1.0 , 1.5] * Frequency
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> Mix ()
>> AudioOut[1:2];
In the following example the Oscillators are connected to signal blocks.
constant Frequency {
value: 220.0
meta: none
}
signal SineWaveUnison {
default: 0.0
rate: AudioRate
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'Sine wave Oscillator with base frequency.'
}
signal SineWaveFifth {
default: 0.0
rate: AudioRate
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'Sine wave Oscillator with relative frequency.'
}
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: Frequency
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> SineWaveUnison;
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: Frequency * 1.5
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> SineWaveFifth;
[ SineWaveUnison, SineWaveFifth ]
>> Level(
gainType: 'Linear'
gain: [ 0.5, 0.4 ]
offset: 0.0
bypass: off
)
>> Mix ()
AudioOut[1:2];
The following example builds on the preceding example. A 2 Hz triangle wave running at 1024 Hz is connected to the position property of a Panning processor Pan().
constant Range {
value: 0.75
meta: 'Panning limits.'
}
signal PanPosition {
default: 0.0
rate: 1024
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'Pan position control'
}
Oscillator (
type: 'Triangle'
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: 2.0
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> Map (
mode: 'Linear'
minimum: -Range
maximum: Range
bypass: off
)
>> Round (
mode: 'Truncate'
increment: 0.01
bypass: off
)
>> PanPosition;
[ SineWaveUnison, SineWaveFifth ]
>> Level(
gainType: 'Linear'
gain: [ 0.5, 0.4 ]
offset: 0.0
bypass: off
)
>> Mix ()
>> Pan (
position: PanPosition
bypass: off
)
>> AudioOut[1:2];
Three sine wave Oscillators at audio rate.
signal ThreeSineWaves {
default: 0.0
rate: AudioRate
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'Three sine wave Oscillators.'
}
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: [ 1.0, 0.66, 0.33 ]
frequency: [ 220.0, 440.0, 880.0 ]
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> Mix (
gainType: 'Linear'
gain: 0.5
offset: 0.0
bypass: off
)
>> ThreeSineWaves;
Three sine wave Oscillator at audio rate with variable frequency controlled over OSC.
constant OscInAddresses { value: 'Fundamental' }
# Declare a control block
# The rate is set to none since OSC messages are asynchronous
signal Fundamental {
default: 110.0
rate: none
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'Fundamental frequency change over OSC.'
}
# Connect the 'OSC' block to the 'Fundamental' control block
OscIn (
addressList: OscInAddresses
address: '/Fundamental'
)
>> Clip (
minimum: 22.5
maximum: 7040.0
bypass: off
)
>> Round (
mode: 'Floor'
increment: 0.01
bypass: off
)
>> Fundamental;
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: [ 1.0, 0.66, 0.33 ]
frequency: [ 1.0 , 2.0, 3.0 ] * Fundamental
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> Mix (
gainType: 'Linear'
gain: 0.45
offset: 0.0
bypass: off
)
>> AudioOut[1];
Creating a generator block and reusing it.
constant Fundamental {
value: 55.0
meta: 'Fundamental frequency.'
}
module ThreeHarmonicPartials {
input: none
output: Output
propertyName: [ 'fundamental', 'outputLevel', 'reset' ]
propertyDirection: in
propertyBlock: [
constant FundamentalFrequency { value: 440.0 meta: 'Default frequency.' },
constant GainValue { value: 0.5 meta: 'Default level.' },
trigger Reset {}
]
internalBlock: [
signal Output {
default: 0.0
rate: streamRate
reset: Reset
meta: none
}
]
streams: [
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: [ 1.0, 0.66, 0.33 ]
frequency: [ 1.0 , 2.0, 3.0 ] * FundamentalFrequency
phase: 0.0
reset: Reset
)
>> Mix (
gainType: 'Linear'
gain: GainValue
offset: 0.0
bypass: off
)
>> Output;
]
meta: 'Three harmonic partials with fundamental frequency and level control.'
}
signal HarmonicPartialsPlusFifths {
default: 0.0
rate: AudioRate
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'Sum of three harmonic partials and their fifths'
}
ThreeHarmonicPartials (
fundamental: [ 1.0, 1.5 ] * Fundamental
outputLevel: [ 0.45, 0.35 ]
reset: off
)
>> Mix ()
>> HarmonicPartialsPlusFifths;
Another user defined generator and use case
module AlarmPatch {
input: none
output: Output
propertyName: [ 'carFreq', 'modFreq', 'modPhase', 'reset' ]
propertyDirection: in
propertyBlock: [
constant CFreq { value: 440.0 meta: none },
constant MFreq { value: 2.0 meta: none },
constant MPhase { value: 0.0 meta: none },
trigger Reset {}
]
internalBlock: [
signal Output {
default: 0.0
rate: streamRate
reset: Reset
meta: none
}
signal Amplitude {
default: 0.0
rate: streamRate / 20
reset: Reset
meta: none
}
]
streams: [
Oscillator (
type: 'Square'
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: MFreq
phase: MPhase
reset: Reset
)
>> LowPass(
cutOff: 50
reset: Reset
bypass: off
)
>> Map (
mode: 'Linear'
minimum: 0.0
maximum: 1.0
bypass: off
)
>> Amplitude;
,
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: Amplitude
frequency: CFreq
phase: 0.0
reset: Reset
)
>> Output;
]
meta: none
}
AlarmPatch (
carFreq: [600.0, 800.0]
modFreq: 2.0
modPhase: [0.0, 180.0]
reset: off
)
>> Mix ()
>> AudioOut[1:2];
Exciting a BiQuad filter with an impulse train:
constant UpdateRate {
value: 10.0
meta: none
}
signal CutOffFreqValue {
default: 0.0
rate: UpdateRate
reset: MasterReset
meta: 'BiQuad CutOff Frequency Control.'
}
Oscillator (
type: 'Sine'
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: 1.0 / 2.0 * M_PI * UpdateRate
phase: 0.0
reset: off
)
>> Rectify (
mode: 'Full'
bypass: off
)
>> Map (
mode: 'Linear'
minimum: 0.0
maximum: 4000.0
bypass: off
)
>> CutOffFreqValue;
ImpulseTrain (
amplitude: 1.0
frequency: UpdateRate
count: none
start: none
stop: none
reset: off
)
>> BiQuad (
type: 'LowPass'
centerFrequency: CutOffFreqValue
resonance: 2.0
reset: off
bypass: off
)
>> Level(
gainType: 'Linear'
gain: 0.5
offset: 0.0
bypass: off
)
>> AudioOut[1:2];